Introduction 3-1

C 3 . 1 Introduction

This section provides a general introduction to search operators which have been proposed and investigated for various evolutionary computation techniques. Any evolutionary system processes a population of individuals, P(t) = {a1, . . . ,an} (t is the iteration number), where each individual represents a potential solution to the problem at hand. As discussed in Chapter C1, many possible repres...

3 . 1 People , biodiversity and landscapes Introduction

Project 3 — A GIS system 1 Introduction

Introduction to the 3+1 Einstein Equations

The 3-metric gij and extrinsic curvature (second fundamental form) Kij are the fundamental variables describing the geometry in any space+time decomposition of the Einstein equations. (g,K) describe the local geometry of a single space-like hypersurface M , and it is then natural to describe the evolution of the space-time geometry by a 1-parameter family (g(t), K(t)), describing the local geom...

Introduction to Cluster Algebras Chapters 1–3

Preface This is a preliminary draft of Chapters 1–3 of our forthcoming textbook Introduction to cluster algebras, joint with Andrei Zelevinsky (1953–2013). We expect to post additional chapters in the not so distant future. This book grew from the ten lectures given by Andrei at the NSF CBMS conference on Cluster Algebras and Applications at North Carolina State University in June 2006. The mat...